Analysis of heart rate variability during emergency flight simulator missions in fighter pilots.

INTRODUCTION: Managing emergency situations in different simulated flight segments can entail a workload that could affect the performance of military pilots. The aim was to analyse the modifications in neurovegetative balance (using HR variability, HRV) of professional fighter pilots attending learning/training sessions on emergency situations in a flight simulator. METHODS: A total of 18 pilots from the Spanish Air and Space Force were included. HRV was recorded simultaneously during diverse simulated emergency situations in three different flight segments: take-off, in-flight and landing. RESULTS: The comparison between take-off and in-flight revealed a statistically significant increase (p<0.05) in percentage of consecutive RR intervals that differ by more than 50 ms from each other (pNN50), root mean square of the successive differences (rMSSD), standard desviation 1 and 2 (SD1 and SD2), and a statistically significant decrease (p<0.000) in stress score (SS) and in the sympathetic to parasympathetic ratio (S:PS). Between flight and landing, a statistically significant increase (p<0.05) in mean HR, minimum HR, maximum HR, SS and S:PS was shown, while experiencing a significant decrease (p<0.000) in pNN50, rMSSD and SD2. Finally, between take-off and landing, the variables which showed significant changes (p<0.05), with these changes being a significant increase, were mean HR, minimum HR, maximum HR, rMSSD, SD1 and SD2. SS and S:PS ratios showed a statistically significant decrease (p<0.000). CONCLUSIONS: An emergency situation in a flight simulator manoeuvre produced an anticipatory anxiety response in pilots, demonstrated by low HRV, which increased during the flight segment and decreased during the landing segment of the flight.Trial registration number NCT04487899.

Monopolar dielectric diathermy by emission of radiofrequency in Patellofemoral pain. A single-blind-randomized clinical trial.

Despite the high incidence of patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS), few studies show the effects of radiofrequency on pain and functionality in these patients. For this reason, the aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of monopolar dielectric diathermy by emission of radiofrequency (MDR) in dynamic applications aimed at treating pain and improving function in patients with PFPS. For this purpose, a single-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted. Eighty-four participants with PFPS were evenly divided into an experimental group (EG) and a control group (CG). All subjects receive 10 min of daily home exercises along 3 weeks, and in addition, the subjects of the EG received 10 sessions based on the dynamic application of MDR. Variables measured included Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), DN4 questionnaire, Lower Extremity Functionality Scale (LEFS), Kujala scale, Range of Movement (ROM) in knee flexion and extension and drug intake. The EG showed a statistically significant reduction in pain (VAS = 4.8 [5.5-4.1] [p < .001]; DN4 = 3.8 [4.4-3.2] [p < .001]), and an increase in functionality (LEFS = 16 [19-13] [p < .001]; Kujala = 19 [23-14] [p < .001]) and in ROM (flexion 18º [21º-16º] [p < .001]). No statistically significant changes in drug intake were found. Based on this data, the dynamic application of MDR seems effective in reducing pain and increasing functionality and flexion in patients with PFPS. Diathermy by emission of radiofrequency could be recommended as complement or main therapy in the treatment of PFPS.

Electroterapia en el abordaje de la cervicalgia mecánica inespecífica. Revisión sistemática de la evidencia científica disponible / Electrotherapy in the approach of non-specific mechanical cervicalgia. Systematic review of available scientific evidence

Objetivo: Realizar una revisión de la evidencia científica en relación con el abordaje fisioterapéutico de la cervicalgia mecánica inespecífica y determinar la evidencia científica disponible en relación con las alternativas terapéuticas incluidas en la electroterapia. Estrategia de búsqueda: Se realizó la búsqueda de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados (ECA) publicados entre los años 2011 y 2016 en las siguientes bases de datos: Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Medline y Science Direct, y a continuación la evaluación de calidad metodológica con la escala PEDro. Los ECA debían incluir al menos una intervención fisioterapéutica del ámbito de la electroterapia (combinada o no con terapia manual, ejercicio físico, otros agentes físicos o técnicas alternativas), ser aplicada en pacientes con cervicalgia mecánica inespecífica y que evaluasen sus resultados empleando las siguientes variables: dolor, rango de movilidad articular, incapacidad, funcionalidad y/o calidad de vida. Selección de estudios: Se incluyeron 5 ECA en los que al menos una de las modalidades de intervención era una modalidad de electroterapia, así como 5 revisiones sistemáticas. Síntesis de resultados: La evidencia científica en relación con la aplicación de las corrientes interferenciales en el abordaje terapéutico de la cervicalgia mecánica inespecífica es escasa a pesar de su amplia utilización en la clínica asistencial diaria. Los procedimientos de aplicación de las corrientes interferenciales en pacientes aquejados de cervicalgia mecánica inespecífica presentan una gran disparidad de criterios en cuanto a los parámetros empleados, según los estudios analizados. Conclusiones: Desde la fisioterapia hay diversas intervenciones para los pacientes con cervicalgia mecánica inespecífica, y la más utilizada y con mayores efectos positivos es el ejercicio terapéutico. No podemos sacar conclusiones definitivas sobre el uso de la electroterapia en el tratamiento de la cervicalgia. Puesto que los niveles de evidencia demostrados son bajos o insuficientes, es importante señalar que se precisan estudios más amplios para evaluar sus verdaderos efectos terapéuticos; en cualquier caso, existen diversos estudios que señalan una mayor efectividad de los tratamientos multimodales

Objective: To conduct a review of the scientific evidence in relation to the physiotherapy approach to non-specific mechanical cervicalgia and to determine the available scientific evidence in relation to those therapeutic alternatives included in electrotherapy. Search strategy: A search was carried out for randomised clinical trials (RCTs) published between 2011 and 2016 in the following databases: Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Medline, and Science Direct. This was followed by a methodology quality assessment using the PEDro scale. RCTs should include at least one physiotherapy intervention in the field of electrotherapy (combined or not with manual therapy, physical exercise, other physical agents, or alternative techniques), be applied to patients with non-specific mechanical cervicalgia, and to evaluate their results using the following variables: pain, range of joint mobility, disability, functionality, and/or quality of life. Selection of studies: A total of 5 RCTs were included, in which at least one of the intervention methods was an electrotherapy technique, as well as 5 systematic reviews. Synthesis of results: The scientific evidence as regards the application of interferential currents in the therapeutic approach to non-specific mechanical cervicalgia is scarce, despite its wide use in daily clinical care. According to the studies analysed, the procedures for the application of interferential currents in patients suffering from non-specific mechanical cervicalgia show a great disparity in the criteria as regards the parameters used. Conclusions: In physiotherapy, there are several interventions for patients with non-specific mechanical cervicalgia, within which the most used and with greater positive effects is the therapeutic exercise. Definitive conclusions cannot be drawn about the use of electrotherapy in the treatment of cervicalgia. Since the levels of evidence demonstrated are low or insufficient, it is important to note that larger studies are needed to evaluate its true therapeutic effects in any case if there are several studies that indicate a greater effectivity of the multimodal treatments

Fisioterapia en el síndrome de Miller-Fisher: a propósito de un caso clínico / Physical therapy in Miller-Fisher syndrome: A case report

Antecedentes y objetivos: El síndrome de Miller-Fisher se define como una enfermedad monofásica aguda con la tríada clínica de oftalmoplejía, ataxia y arreflexia. El objetivo de este estudio es abordar desde la fisioterapia el caso de un niño con síndrome de Miller-Fisher sin degeneración axonal. Descripción del caso: Se presenta el caso de un niño de 5 años con síndrome de Miller-Fisher tras una infección respiratoria. Intervención: El estudio se realizó durante 5 semanas, divididas en una primera fase de extensión y meseta del síndrome y una segunda fase de recuperación. Se actúa sobre la fuerza muscular, la propiocepción, el equilibrio y la reeducación de la marcha. Resultados: Tras la intervención, se evidencia una mejora de la fuerza muscular, de la fatiga, del equilibrio y la coordinación, y se consigue una marcha más funcional. Discusión: La evolución del niño tras el tratamiento de fisioterapia ha sido muy favorable en un corto periodo de tiempo. Según los resultados obtenidos, podemos concluir que la fisioterapia ha sido indispensable en la recuperación funcional de nuestro paciente

Background and purpose: Miller-Fisher syndrome is an acute monophasic disease with clinical triad of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and areflexia. The objective of this study is to report a physiotherapy approach to the treatment of a patient with Miller-Fisher syndrome without axonal degeneration. Case description: The case of a 5-year-old child with a Miller-Fisher syndrome after a respiratory infection is reported. Intervention: The study was conducted for 5 weeks, with an initial onset and plateau phase and a subsequent recovery phase. Areas worked on included muscle strength, propioception, balance, and gait reeducation. Results: Patient outcomes after the intervention demonstrated an improvement in muscle strength, fatigue, balance, and coordination, achieving a more functional gait. Discussion: The child's progress after physiotherapy treatment has been very favorable in a short period of time. According to the results, we can conclude that physiotherapy has been essential in our patient functional recovery

Tratamiento del pie metatarso aducto con el método de vendajes funcionales correctores: estudio retrospectivo / Corrective bandage for conservative treatment of metatarsus adductus: A retrospective study

Objetivo: Analizar la evolución del pie metatarso aducto semirrígido o de segundo grado tras la aplicación de un método de tratamiento con vendajes funcionales correctores en niños recién nacidos. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo de 94 niños nacidos con pies metatarso aductos semirrígidos o de segundo grado en el Hospital Virgen Macarena de Sevilla durante los años 2010-2012 tratados con el método de vendajes funcionales correctores. Las variables registradas fueron: sexo, lateralidad de la deformidad, peso y longitud del recién nacido, edad al inicio del tratamiento, antecedentes relacionados con el embarazo y el parto, tipo de tratamiento aplicado y su duración, y corrección o no de la deformidad solo con vendajes. Resultados: Se observó que en el 68,1% (64/94) de los pacientes el metatarso aducto se corrigió solo con vendajes. En las niñas el tratamiento mediante vendajes resolvió la deformidad con más frecuencia que en los niños. Conclusión: El método de vendajes correctores presenta una gran efectividad en la corrección del pie metatarso aducto. En las niñas, el tratamiento mediante vendajes resolvió la deformidad con más frecuencia que en los niños (AU)

Objective: To analyze the evolution of a corrective bandage of the semi-rigid metatarsus adductus (MA) foot in newborn. Material and methods: An observational, clinical study was performed at the University Hospital ‘Virgen Macarena’ in Seville, Spain. Children born with semi-rigid metatarsus adductus feet at the Virgen Macarena University Hospital in Seville during the years 2010-2011 were included. Corrective bandaging was applied to all children until clinical correction of the deformity. Sex, laterality of the deformity, weight and length of the newborn, age at the start of treatment, antecedents related to the pregnancy and birth, type of treatment (bandaging, splints) and correction or no correction with bandaging alone were recorded. Results: The bandage achieved complete correction in 68.1% of the metatarsus adductus patients and corrected the deformity more frequently in girls compared to boys. Conclusion: Corrective bandages showed high effectiveness, particularly in girls (AU)

Efecto inmediato del vendaje Dynamic Tape® sobre la torsión tibial externa con dolor en un futbolista / Efeito imediato da bandagem Dynamic Tape® sobre entorse tibial externa com dor em um jogador de futebol. Estudo de caso / Immediate effect of Dynamic Tape® on external torsión tibial clinically painful in a football player. A case report

El objetivo de estudio fue evaluar el efecto inmediato del vendaje Dynamic Tape® sobre la torsión tibial externa con dolor en un futbolista y las propiedades contráctiles de los músculos superficiales implicados. Se evaluó un futbolista que presentó torsión tibial externa con sintomatología dolorosa en la extremidad inferior derecha. Se midió el ángulo muslo-pie y las propiedades contráctiles de la musculatura superficial mediante tensiomiografía en ambas extremidades inferiores y el dolor percibido. Se aplicó el vendaje Dynamic Tape® durante 10 días y se volvió a medir. Se observó una reducción del ángulo muslo-pie de la extremidad inferior derecha y del dolor en un 55%. La musculatura con mayor tensión experimentó una reducción de la activación muscular mientras que la musculatura debilitada aumentó su activación muscular. Como conclusión, en el caso estudiado, el Dynamic Tape® puede considerarse una herramienta terapéutica complementaria muy efectiva para reducir la torsión tibial externa con dolor (AU)

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito imediato da bandagem Dynamic Tape® sobre a entorse tibial externa, com dor, em um jogador de futebol e as propriedades contráteis dos músculos superficiais envolvidos. Foi avaliado um jogador de futebol que apresentou entorse tibial externa com sintomatologia dolorosa no membro inferior direito. Foi medido o ângulo coxa-pé e as propriedades contráteis da superfície do músculo via Tensiomiografia em ambos membros inferiores e a dor percebida. A bandagem Dynamic Tape® foi aplicada por 10 dias e foi objeto de nova medição. Observou-se uma redução do ângulo coxa-pé do membro inferior direito e da dor em 55%. A musculatura com maior tensão experimentou uma redução da ativação muscular, enquanto o os músculos enfraquecidos aumentaram a ativação muscular. Em conclusão, no caso estudado, o Dynamic Tape® pode ser considerado uma ferramenta terapêutica complementar muito eficaz para reduzir a torção tibial externa com dor (AU)

The aim of the study was to evaluate the immediate effect of Dynamic Tape® bandage on the external tibial torsion, clinically painful, and the contractile properties of the superficial muscles involved in a soccer player. The subject presented external tibial torsion with painful symptoms in the right lower extremity. Thigh-foot angle and the contractile properties of the superficial musculature by tensiomyography in both legs and perceived pain were measured. Dynamic Tape® bandage was applied for 10 days. A decrease in the thigh-foot angle of the right lower extremity and a 55% reduction in pain knee was observed. The stressed muscle showed a reduction of muscle activation while the weakened muscles increased muscle activation. In conclusion, in the case studied, the Dynamic Tape® can be considered a very effective complementary therapeutic tool to reduce external tibial torsion, clinically painful (AU)

A comparison of acute effects between Kinesio tape and electrical muscle elongation in hamstring extensibility.

BACKGROUND: To improve hamstring extensibility some methods have been analyzed and compared for determining their acute and chronic effectiveness. OBJECTIVE: To compare the immediate effect of electrical muscle elongation (EME) versus Kinesio tape (KT) in hamstring muscle extensibility. METHODS: One hundred and twenty adult amateur athletes with hamstring shortness (straight leg raise test angle <80◦) were randomly assigned to a group: group 1 (EME session of 4 KHz interferential current, bipolar technique and AMF = 100 Hz, n = 40), group 2 (KT, n = 40) or group 3 (control group, no intervention, n = 40). Hamstring extensibility was assessed before and after the intervention through the active knee extension test. Results: Significant improvements were found in both EME and KT groups whereas no changes were detected in the control group. However, no significant differences between both techniques were detected. The EME group showed large effect size (d = 0.843) while the KT group reached medium effect size (d = 0.431). CONCLUSIONS: Both electrical muscle elongation and Kinesio tape are effective techniques in the short-term in amateur athletes with decreased hamstring extensibility. The higher increase of hamstring extensibility, with a better clinical effect was achieved with the application of electrical muscle elongation. However, no significant differences were found when comparing the effectiveness of both techniques.

Masticatory mechanosensitivity, mouth opening and impact of headache in subjects with a history of orthodontics use: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The correlation between orthodontics and the development of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is a major concern in the physical rehabilitation field. AIM: The aim of the study was to observe whether subjects with a history of orthodontics use show differences from subjects who have never used orthodontics in: 1) masseter and temporalis muscle mechanosensitivity; 2) maximal vertical mouth opening (VMO); and 3) the impact of headache on their quality of life. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: The study was carried out in the Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry of the University of Sevilla, Spain. POPULATION: All participants were pre graduate students from the University of Sevilla, Spain. The final sample comprised 65 subjects (N.=65) with a mean age of 21 ± 2.46 years (18-29) divided into two groups; orthodontics group (N.=31) and non-orthodontics group (N.=34). METHODS: All students followed the same testing protocol. Measurements were taken of the pressure pain threshold (PPT) in two locations of the masseter (M1, M2) and temporalis (T1, T2) muscles, the maximal VMO, and the incidence of headache (Headache Impact Test-6; HIT-6, Spanish version). RESULTS: The measured values of the masticatory muscle PPTs were lower in the non-orthodontics group. Besides, the maximal VMO and HIT-6 scores were better in the orthodontics group. Nevertheless, none of these intergroup differences were statistically significant (ANOVA test): (M1 P=0.790); (M2 P=0.329); (T1 P=0.249); (T2 P=0.440); (HIT-6 P=0.443); (VMO P=0.626). CONCLUSION: A previous history of orthodontics use does not seem to lead to any greater sensitivity of the masticatory muscles, limitations of vertical mouth opening, or greater impact of headache on the subject's quality of life. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT: There is no evidence enough to support either a positive or negative correlation between orthodontics and signs and symptoms of TMD. Pain is a subjective perception and it is influenced by several factors. It remains uncertain if the use of orthodontics might be one of them.

Efectos sobre la tensión neural adversa medida mediante test de Slump tras punción seca de punto gatillo miofascial del músculo gastrocnemio / Effects on adverse neural tension by slump test after dry needling of myofascial trigger point of the gastrocnemius muscle

Objetivo: Conocer el efecto de la punción seca (PS) en puntos gatillo miofasciales (PGM) del músculo gastrocnemio sobre la tensión neural adversa (TNA) y el dolor percibido. Material y métodos: Cincuenta adultos se prestaron al estudio. Tras aplicar criterios de inclusión y exclusión, obtuvimos una muestra final de 45. Fueron asignados aleatoriamente al grupo 1 o experimental (n = 23, edad media: 22,41 ± 1,53) y al grupo 2 o control (n = 22, edad media: 21,15 ± 1,34). Una vez localizado y confirmado el PGM por el evaluador ciego, se aplicó la técnica de PS profunda. Para el grupo 2 se utilizó la misma aguja, diferenciándose en la capacidad de retracción de la misma, sin llegar a perforar la piel. La TNA fue valorada mediante el test neurodinámico de Slump y el dolor percibido mediante escala visual analógica (EVA) justo antes (pretest) y en 2 momentos posteriores (inmediato y a 48 h). Los datos fueron tratados con el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 19.0. Resultados: Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,05) en el grupo 1 entre pretest y postest inmediato y entre postest inmediato y tardío (48 h) para la variable TNA. El dolor percibido mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el pretest y los 2 momentos de valoración posterior (p < 0,001), mientras el grupo 2 no evidenció mejoras. Se observaron diferencias entre grupos en el postest inmediato del dolor percibido. Conclusiones: La PS sobre PGM latentes del músculo gastrocnemio disminuye el dolor percibido al menos 48 h, no obteniendo cambios significativos sobre la TNA medida mediante test de Slump

Objective: To determine the effect of dry needling (DN) in the myofascial trigger points (MTrP) of the gastrocnemius muscle on adverse neural tension (ANT) and perceived pain. Material and methods: 50 adults were selected for the study. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, we obtained a final sample of 45. They were randomly assigned to group 1 or experimental (n = 23, mean age: 22.41 ± 1.53) and group 2 or control (n = 22, mean age: 21.15 ± 1.34). Once allocated and confirmed by the blind assessor, deep dry needling technique on the MTrP was applied. For group 2 the same needle was used, differing in shrinkage capacity therefore without perforating the skin. The ANT was assessed using the Slump neurodynamic test and perceived pain by visual analogue scale (VAS) just before (pre-test) and in two subsequent times (immediately and 48hours). The data were processed with SPSS version 19.0. Results: We observed statistically significant differences (P < .05) in group 1 between pretest and immediate posttest and between immediate and delayed post-test (48 hours) for the variable ANT. The perceived pain showed statistically significant differences between the pretest and the two later time points (P < .001), while group 2 showed no improvement. Differences between groups were observed in the immediate posttest perceived pain. Conclusions: The dry needling in the MTrP latent on gastrocnemius muscle decreases perceived pain at least 48 hours, not getting on the ANT significant changes measured by Slump test

Análisis de la pronación global de miembros inferiores completos en deportistas de edad escolar / Analysis of global pronation of the entire lower extremities in school-age sport children

Objetivo. Un componente cinético importante durante el ciclo de la marcha humana es la rotación interna global de la extremidad inferior (rotación interna de cadera y valgo de rodilla) con pronación simultánea del pie, lo que clínicamente se describe como pronación global de la extremidad inferior completa. El objetivo fue analizar el patrón de la marcha en niños deportistas de edad escolar durante tres meses. Método. Se examinaron 58 niños, pertenecientes al Cajasol Ciencias Club de Rugby de Sevilla, de los cuales 10 presentaron una excesiva pronación global de las extremidades inferiores completas, conformando así la muestra de estudio. Se les realizó un análisis biomecánico de la marcha mediante una plataforma baropodométrica y se les calculó ángulos de Helbing, Fick y línea femorotibial en dinámico en ambas extremidades inferiores. Se analizó la evolución del patrón de marcha durante tres meses. Resultados. Inicialmente y tras los tres meses, los niños presentaron un patrón de marcha patológico caracterizado por una excesiva rotación interna de caderas, excesivo valgo de rodilla y excesiva pronación del pie, en ambas extremidades inferiores. Conclusión. Una excesiva pronación global de las extremidades inferiores completas presentes en deportistas de edad escolar no cambió con el crecimiento natural de los niños tras 3 meses de seguimiento, requiriendo un abordaje terapéutico específico (AU)

Objetive. An important kinesiologic component during human gait is a global internal rotation of the lower extremity (hip intoeing and knock knee) in conjunction with foot pronation. This motion is often loosely described clinically as global pronation of the entire lower extremity. The aim was to analyze the gait pattern in school-age sport children for three months. Method. We examined 58 children, belonging to Cajasol Sciences Sevilla Rugby Club. Only 10 children had excessive overall pronation complete lower limb and they made up the study sample. Gait biomechanical analysis was performed using modular-platform electronic baropodometer. Angle helbing, angle fick and line femorotibial during walking were calculated in both lower extremities. We analyzed evolution of gait pattern for three months. Results. Initially and after three months, the children presented a pathological gait pattern characterized by excessive hip internal rotation, excessive knee valgus and foot overpronation in both lower extremities. Conclusion. Global pronation of the entire lower extremity school-age sport children did not change with the natural growth of children after 3 months follow-up. We think it will be necessary a specific therapeutic treatment (AU)

Aumento de la extensibilidad isquiotibial tras aplicar elongación muscular eléctrica / Hamstring extensibility increase after applying electrical muscular elongation

Objetivo Conocer el efecto inmediato de la elongación muscular eléctrica por medio de corrientes interferenciales sobre la amplitud articular en sujetos con cortedad isquiotibial. Material y método Se realizó una valoración inicial (pretest) y final (postest) en donde la variable sometida a estudio fue la amplitud articular. Los test aplicados fueron el test de elevación de la pierna recta (EPR) y test de ángulo poplíteo (TAP). Se empleó una corriente interferencial bipolar con una modulación de la amplitud de la frecuencia de 100Hz y una frecuencia portadora de 4Khz.ResultadosSe obtuvieron mejoras estadísticamente significativas en la extensibilidad isquiosural tras aplicar elongación muscular eléctrica para ambos test angulares (p≤0,0001), siendo el tamaño efecto de R2=0,833 para TAP y de R2=0,752 para EPR. Conclusiones La aplicación de elongación muscular mediante corrientes interferenciales logra un aumento inmediato en la extensibilidad de la musculatura isquiosural tras ser medida con EPR y TAP(AU)

Objective To determine the immediate effect of electrical muscle elongation interferential currents through joint range of subjects with hamstring shortness. Material and method We performed an initial (pre-test) and final (post-test) assessment where the variable under study was the joint range. The tests applied were the straight leg raise test (SLR) and passive knee extension test (PKE). We used a bipolar interferential current with an amplitude modulation frequency of 100Hz and 4kHz carrier frequency. Results Statistically significant improvements were obtained in hamstring extensibility after applying electrical muscle elongation angle for both test (p ≤ 0.0001), with effect size for PKE of R2=0.833 and of R2=0.752 and for SLR. Conclusions The use of muscle elongation by interferential currents achieved an immediate increase in hamstring muscle extensibility after being measured by SLR and PKE (AU)

Efectos del tratamiento con Kinesio tape en el pie plano / Effects of treatment with Kinesio tape for flat feet

El objetivo principal de este estudio era evaluar los cambios producidos en el dolor posterior de la pierna y en el valgo del retropié mediante la aplicación del Kinesio tape (KT) sobre el musculo tibial posterior en sujetos con pies planos pronados. Para ello, se realizaron mediciones pre/post-intervencion (a las 24 h) del dolor percibido mediante la escala visual analogica (EVA) y de los grados de pronacion del retropie con la regla de Perthes, en 15 sujetos (13 mujeres, 2 hombres). Los resultados mostraron que los sujetos experimentales percibieron una disminucion estadisticamente significativa de su dolor tras la intervencion (p < 0,05). Sin embargo, no reflejaron un cambio estadisticamente significativo en la pronacion del retropie (p ≥ 0,05). Asi mismo, no se observaron diferencias estadisticamente significativas entre sexos o grados de obesidad en los valores preintervencion y post-intervencion del dolor percibido ni en los grados de pronacion del retropie. En conclusion, los resultados obtenidos de este trabajo parecen indicar que un KT aplicado 24 h sobre el musculo tibial posterior en sujetos con pies pronados puede producir una disminucion de la sintomatologia dolorosa de la zona, pero no del grado de pronacion del retropie (AU)

Abstract The main purpose of this study was to investigate changes in pain in the back of leg and hindfoot valgus with Kinesio tape application over tibialis posterior muscle in subjects with flat feet. We made pre-post-intervention measurements (24hours) of perceived pain with visual analogue scale (VAS) and degrees of pronation rear foot with Perthes Ruler in 15 subjects (13 women, 2 men). The results showed that the subjects perceived a statistically significant decrease in their pain after treatment (P<0.05). However, a statistically significant change was not observed in rearfoot pronation (P≥0.05). Similarly, no statistically significant differences were observed between gender or degrees of obesity in pre-post intervention measures of perceived pain and the degree of pronation rearfoot. In conclusion, the results obtained in this study suggest that Kinesio tape application for 24hours over tibialis posterior muscle in subjects with flat feet can decrease pain in the area but not the degrees of rearfoot pronation

Estudio piloto del dolor lumbar tratado con corrientes interferenciales / Pilot study on low back pain treated with interferential currents

Objetivo Establecer y validar un procedimiento de electroterapia con corrientes interferenciales en sujetos con dolor lumbar, así como evaluar la disminución del dolor lumbar inmediato con la aplicación de una corriente interferencial tetrapolar. Material y métodos Equipo de electroterapia Sonopuls 692® (Enraf Nonius). Estudio experimental, longitudinal y prospectivo sin aleatorización ni grupo control. Realizamos mediciones del dolor lumbar mediante la escala analógica visual (EVA) pre y post-intervención de la aplicación de la corriente interferencial, en 22 sujetos (35 y 65 años [51 años±9,11]), de ambos sexos (13 hombres y 9 mujeres).Resultados La disminución del dolor lumbar es estadísticamente significativa en la primera sesión y en la segunda sesión (para p<0,05). Observando una disminución en el valor medio de 4,136 en la primera sesión y 2,909 en la segunda sesión. El tamaño del efecto estadístico es grande (0,76).Conclusión El procedimiento electroterapéutico de corrientes interferenciales es eficaz y clínicamente significativo. La disminución del dolor lumbar con la aplicación de la corriente interferencial es más importante en la primera sesión que en la segunda (AU)

Objective To establish and validate an electrotherapy procedure using interferential currents (IFC) in patients with low back pain as well as to evaluate the immediate reduction of lumbar pain with the application of a tetrapolar interferential current. Material and methods Sonopuls 692® (Enraf Nonius). An experimental, longitudinal and prospective study without randomization or control group (N=22) was performed. Lumbar pain was measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) before and after the application of the interferential current in 22 subjects (35 y 65 years (51 years±9.11) of both genders (13 men, 9 women).Results The reduction in lumbar pain is statistically significant in the 1st and 2nd session (p<0.05), observing a reduction of the average value of 4.136 in the 1st session and 2.909 in the 2nd session. The size of the statistical effect is wide (0.76).Conclusions The electrotherapeutic procedure of interferential currents is effective and clinically significant. The reduction of lumbar pain with the application of interferential currents is more significant in 1st session than in the 2nd session (AU)

Análisis del ambiente de clase en el laboratorio de Fisioterapia / Analysis of the physical therapy laboratory class environment

ObjetivosEl objetivo de este estudio es construir, validar y aplicar una escala que evalúe el ambiente de clase, denominada cuestionario de ambiente de laboratorio (CAL), con el fin de conocer el ambiente de clase que existe en las prácticas de laboratorio de Fisioterapia de la Universidad de Sevilla.Material y métodosLa muestra estaba constituida por 108 alumnos (69 mujeres y 39 hombres), obtenidos de forma aleatoria, que cursaban las asignaturas de Electroterapia, Fisioterapia en Geriatría y Fisioterapia Especial II. Los criterios de inclusión fueron estar matriculado en cada asignatura y no ser repetidor. La metodología seguida fue de correlación y análisis factorial. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el programa SPSS (14.0) para Windows.ResultadosLa medida de adecuación muestral de Keiser-Meyer-Olkin fue de 0,798 y la prueba de Barlett, 0,000 (p<0,05). La varianza explicada por los 5 primeros factores representó casi el 60% (59,201%). Estos 5 factores se corresponden con las 5 dimensiones ambientales (relaciones de comunicación, motivación, participación, autonomía y aprendizaje) objeto de estudio. El alfa de Cronbach fue de 0,878 y 0,893. Por lo tanto, el CAL es válido y fiable. La valoración media obtenida del CAL fue de 3,784 ± 1,041; pero la puntuación media obtenida para cada dimensión fue: relaciones de comunicación, 4,28; motivación, 4,36; participación, 3,48; autonomía, 3,26, y aprendizaje, 3,52.ConclusionesEl CAL es válido y fiable y se muestra eficaz para el análisis del ambiente de clase de las prácticas de laboratorio en Fisioterapia. El ambiente de clase en las prácticas de laboratorio de Fisioterapia es bueno(AU)

AimsThis study has aimed to construct, validate and apply a scale to evaluate the classroom environment called the Laboratory Environment Questionnaire (LEQ) in order to know the classroom environment existing in the laboratory practices of Physical Therapy of the University of Seville.Material and methodsthe sample was made up of 108 randomly obtained students (69 women and 39 men) who were studying the subjects of Electrotherapy, Physical Therapy in Geriatrics and Special Physical Therapy II. The inclusion criteria were to be registered in every subject and not to be a repeater. The methodology followed had a correlational and factorial analysis character. The statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS (14.00) program for windows.Resultsmeasurement of Keiser-Meyer-Olkin is 0.798, and Barlett's test 0.000 (p<0.05). The variance explained by the first 5 factors represents almost 60% (59,201). These 5 factors correspond with 5 environmental dimensions (relationships of communication, motivation, participation, autonomy and learning), and object of study. Cronbach's alpha (0.878 and 0.893). Thus, The LEQ is valid and reliable. The mean evaluation obtained from the LEQ is 3.784±1.041. However, the mean score obtained for each dimension is: communication relationships (4.28); motivation (4.36); participation (3.48); autonomy (3.26) and learning (3.52).ConclusionsThe LEQ is valid and reliable, and appears to be effective for the analysis of the classroom environment of the laboratory practices in Physical Therapy. The classroom environment in the laboratory practices of Physical Therapy is good(AU)

Estudio de concordancia entre profesionales en un procedimiento de fisioterapia / Study of concordance between professionals in a procedure of Physical Therapy

Presentamos un estudio de concordancia entre dos fisioterapeutas que realizan la medición de los niveles de percepción de una corriente TENS. El objetivo principal es comprobar que la diferencia entre las medidas obtenidas en la dosificación de la corriente TENS no se debe a la incidencia de los profesionales que efectúan las mediciones. Se trata de un diseño experimental de dos factores con medidas repetidas en un factor. La muestra la conforman 804 mediciones realizadas en 134 estudiantes de Fisioterapia. Los resultados obtenidos señalan una alta fiabilidad entre las medidas y la consistencia del procedimiento utilizado, demostrándose, mediante el ANOVA, la inexistencia de una influencia sistemática de los profesionales en su aplicación. Podemos concluir que dicho procedimiento constituye una herramienta útil para emplearse en los diversos protocolos de actuación profesional y en estudios de investigación con las corrientes TENS

We present a study of concordance between the measurements carry out by two Physiotherapists of the perception levels of a TENS current. The main objective is to check that the difference between the measurements obtained when administrating TENS, is not due to de incidence of the professionals who take them. It is an experimental design of two factors with repeated measures in one of them. The sample is formed by 804 measurements taken on 134 Physiotherapy students. The results point to a high reliability between the measurements and the method used, proving, through the ANOVA, the nonexistence of a sistematic influence of the professionals in its application. We can conclude this procedure is an useful tool to use in the several protocols of professionals actions and the investigation studies with TENS currents

Escala de Aprensión Psicológica Personal (EAPP) en Fisioterapia / Personal Psychological Apprehension Scale (EAPP) in Physical Therapy

Este estudio analiza el factor de la personalidad denominado neuroticismo (aprensión psicológica), y se encuadra en una investigación más amplia que desarrolla el escalamiento de las autopercepciones (sensibilidad, contracción y tolerancia) de los individuos ante distintos niveles de aplicación de la corriente TENS. Dicha investigación requiere controlar esta variable de la personalidad, pues podría influir en las auto-valoraciones que realizan los sujetos y, por tanto, afectar al diseño metodológico. Presentamos la construcción, estudio de validación y análisis de fiabilidad, de un nuevo instrumento tipo encuesta que denominamos "Escala de Aprensión Psicológica Personal (EAPP)", y que deriva del cuestionario de Eysenck EPQ-RS 1, de amplia divulgación y aplicación en psicología. La EAPP es una adaptación, tanto en su vertiente léxica como de contenido, de los ítems que miden el factor N (neuroticismo) del cuestionario de Eysenck. La metodología empleada es de carácter correlacional. Hemos utilizado el análisis factorial en su vertiente de extracción por el método de componentes principales, y los coeficientes alfa y alfa estandarizado de Cronbach. La muestra útil la conforman 133 estudiantes de fisioterapia. Los resultados obtenidos señalan que hemos elaborado un instrumento de calidad, que se muestra válido y fiable para el análisis del factor N. La EAPP constituye una herramienta útil en los estudios que requieran las apreciaciones de los propios sujetos investigados. Situación muy frecuente en el ámbito de conocimiento de la Fisioterapia y de las Ciencias de la Salud en general

This study analyzes the factor of the personality "neuroticism (psychological apprehension)". It is fit in inside a more extensive investigation that develops a method of scaling of the self-perceptions (sensibility, contraction and tolerance) before different levels of application of current TENS. Said work requires to control this variable of the personality, that can affect to this type of research method. We present the construction and validation of a new survey type instrument that we denominated: "Scale of Personal Psychological Apprehension (EAPP)". This drift of the questionnaire of Eysenck EPQ-RS 1, of extensive disclosure and application in environments as the psychology. The EAPP is an adaptation, so much in its side léxica as of content, of the ítems that measure the factor N (neuroticismo) that is one of the dimensions collected inside the questionnaire of Eysenck. Especially the study of validation is undertaken and analysis of the reliability of said scale EAPP. Consequently, the methodology is of character correlacional, extensively employee in all the studies on the quality of the measures. The useful sample 97 students of Physiotherapy they conform it. The conclusions to the ones that have arrived imply the quality of the instrument, being shown valid and reliable for the analysis of this factor N, that would be able to influence in the car-appraisals of the subjects. In final, we include an useful instrument "scale EAPP", to be employed in the very diverse studies of the environment of knowledge of the Physiotherapy and, therefore, of the Sciences of the Health that need the appreciations of the own subjects investigated